● レプトスピラ症 レユニオン 2022
PRO/AH/EDR> Leptospirosis - Reunion: flooding, rats, 2022
Archive Number: 20230106.8707663
情報源 Clicanoo [in French] 2023年1月6日
2022年，レユニオン Reunion では 165例のレプトスピラ症 cases of leptospirosis の急増があり，多数の死者が出た。夏の始まりの時期 the beginning of the austral summer [summer in the southern hemisphere from November to April in Reunion] に患者数が増加することが多く，主にラットの尿の汚染のある湿潤環境との接触で感染する。適切な保護（ブーツ，手袋など）なしに行われた，庭 courtyards and gardens の清掃作業や，たくさんの雨が降った後の淡水での遊泳において，感染リスクが特に高くなる。
● M 痘（01）
PRO/AH/EDR> Mpox update (01): worldwide, USA, breakthrough cases, unvaccinated, women
Archive Number: 20230106.8707651
[1] 世界 Confirmed and suspected cases and deaths by country as of 5 Jan 2023:
情報源 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Total confirmed cases: 84 318
Total deaths: 74
[2] 米国
The US CDC reports cases in the following states:
情報源 CDC
Total confirmed cases: 29 913
Total deaths: 20
[3] フランス France: breakthrough infections after postexposure vaccination against mpox
情報源 New England Journal of Medicine 2022年12月29日
現在の M 痘 アウトブレイクに対し During the current outbreak of monkeypox (recently renamed mpox)，mpox exposure のある人々の感染予防策として痘瘡ワクチン接種 smallpox vaccination が勧められているが，これを支持する証拠は限られている。
痘瘡ワクチン接種者の中の，高度の暴露後 after high-risk exposure のブレイクスルー感染について評価を行った。
From 27 May through 13 Jul 2022, 高度の暴露後に a 3rd-generation smallpox vaccine (JYNNEOS [Imvanex]) 第3世代ワクチン 0.5ml を皮下注射された参加者についての解析 a single-center observational analysis を行った。暴露様式を，感染のある患者との，皮膚と皮膚または粘膜の直接の接触，間接的接触，呼吸飛沫への暴露，およびこれらすべての暴露，と定義した ...
全参加者 276 participants は，暴露の 8から14日後に one dose of vaccine を接種していた。114人（41%）が，2種類の暴露（主に呼吸飛沫と間接的暴露）を，102人（37%) がすべての暴露を受けていた。233 (84%) were men who had sex with men, with a median of 8 sexual partners (interquartile range, 3 to 13) in the previous month. ...
12人（Twelve of the 276 vaccinated participants (4%)）に，非重症型 M 痘感染 a subsequent confirmed nonsevere mpox infection が確認された ...
In this study population,
4% of the participants who had received postexposure vaccination with a 3rd-generation smallpox vaccine had a subsequent mpox infection during the 1st month after receipt of the 1st vaccination.
[4] 米国 USA: demographic and clinical characteristics of mpox in unvaccinated patients and patients with one dose
情報源 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2022年12月30日
原著タイトル Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Persons Who Had Previously Received 1 Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine and in Unvaccinated Persons -- 29 U.S. Jurisdictions, 22 May-3 Sep 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1610-1615
要約
What is added by this report?（during the 2022 U.S. outbreak）
ワクチンを接種していない場合（6329人）に比べ，発症の 14日以上前に 1 JYNNEOS vaccine dose を接種していた M 痘感染患者（276人）は，発熱，頭痛，倦怠感，筋肉痛，悪寒を発症する割合が著しく低かった。ワクチン接種後の M 痘患者の入院率が 2% であったのに対し，非接種者では 8% だった。
What are the implications for public health practice?
Discussion
... 原文参照願います。
[5] 米国 USA: mpox cases among cisgender women and pregnant persons
情報源 CDC 2023年1月6日
原著タイトル Mpox Cases Among Cisgender Women and Pregnant Persons -- United States, 11 May-7 Nov 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:9-14.
要約
What is added by this report?
Among 769 mpox cases reported among U.S. cisgender（transgender の対語）women, Black or African American and Hispanic or Latino women were disproportionately affected. （黒人，ヒスパニック，ラテン系の女性の感染率が高い）
ほとんどの cisgender women は，男性との性交があったと報告している。
妊娠または最近妊娠があった 23例があり，すべて回復しており，4人が M 痘のため入院し，tecovirimat を副作用なく使用可能だった。
Discussion
... 原文参照願います。
参考項目 2022
Mpox update (09): worldwide, USA, children, healthcare worker, STI 20221229.8707511
● ポリオ
PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (02): WPV1 ES, cVDPV1 AFP & ES, cVDPV2 AFP & ES, violence
Archive Number: 20230106.8707649
[1] Poliovirus Weekly Update 4 Jan 2023, World Health Organization
情報源 Global Polio Eradication Initiative/WHO
New wild poliovirus isolates reported this week:
AFP cases: 0
New cVDPV isolates reported this week:
AFP cases: 15
Environment: 15
Others: 2
Headlines
Summary of new polioviruses this week:
- Afghanistan: 3 WPV1 positive environmental samples
- アルジェリア Algeria: 1 cVDPV2 case
- 中央アフリカ共和国 Central African Rep: 1 cVDPV2 case and 1 CVDPV2 positive environmental sample
- コンゴ（民）DR Congo: 2 cVDPV1 cases, 11 cVDPV2 cases and 2 cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
- Madagascar: 11 cVDPV1 positive environmental samples
- Sudan: 1 cVDPV2 positive environmental sample
[2] パキスタン Pakistan: violence
情報源 Washington Post 2023年1月5日
Attackers armed with guns and hand grenades ambushed a police van assigned to guard polio workers in northwestern Pakistan, wounding 5 policemen, authorities said. ...
関連項目
Poliomyelitis update (01): (Canada) VDPV2, wastewater, RFI 20230102.8707576
● 炭疽 フィリピン
PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - Philippines (02): (CG) carabao, further investigation
Archive Number: 20230106.8707660
情報源 Manila Bulletin/Luzon News 2023年1月6日
炭疽 anthraxによる 14頭の水牛 carabaos の死亡について，獣医学当局 The Provincial Veterinary Office (PVET) here が調査を開始した。anthrax zone in Sto. Niño, specifically in barangay Abariongan Ruar, Balagan and Cabayo; Liwan and Enrile; Logung and Calintaan, Amulung; and in Tamban, Alcala で発生した ...
73 people in Brgy. Calassitan, Sto. Niño が暴露し，22 had skin wounds and needed to go to isolation for thorough observation in December [2022].
関連項目
Anthrax - Philippines: (CG) carabao, human, under control 20230104.8707625
● 鳥インフルエンザ
PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (04): Americas, poultry, wild bird, HPAI H5N1, spread, WOAH
Archive Number: 20230106.8707652
[1] ホンジュラス Honduras: wild bird, HPAI H5N1, 1st report
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS (World Animal Health Information System) 2023 1月5日
This is the 1st time that HPAI H5N1 is officially reported in Honduras.
The event started on 18 Oct 2022.
... notified of the presence of sick and dead _Pelecanus occidentalis_ on the beach of the municipality of La Ceiba, in the department of Atlántida.
The samples ... a diagnosis of highly pathogenic influenza A subtype H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b - Lineage: Fully Eurasian) was confirmed.
種/個体数/感染/死亡/廃棄/と畜/ワクチン接種
ペリカン Brown Pelican / - / 43 / 41 / 2 / 0 / 0
[2] メキシコ Mexico: poultry, wild bird, HPAI H5N1
[A] 家きん
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 2023 1月5日
The event in poultry started on 26 Oct 2022.
A total of 21 outbreaks (submitted) have been reported to date [5 Jan 2023; details of each outbreak are available at the source URL above].
HPAI subtype H5N1 has been detected in the states of Chiapas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Mexico, Chihuahua, Jalisco, and Yucatan
種/個体数/感染/死亡/廃棄/と畜/ワクチン接種
Birds / 4 393 027 / 1 185 366 / 259 550 / 0 / 0 / 0
Affected population: 16 commercial laying hen farms, 1 layer breeding hen farm, 3 backyard farms with laying hens, and 1 farm of broiler breeder hens.
[B] 野鳥
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 2023 1月5日
The event in wild bird started on 10 Oct 2022.
A total of 5 outbreaks (submitted) have been reported to date [5 Jan 2023; details of each outbreak are available at the source URL above].
HPAI subtype H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b - Lineage: Fully Eurasian) has been detected in the states of Mexico, Puebla, Jalisco, Baja California, and Aguas Calientes ...
Affected population: Cooper's Hawk（タカ）, northern Goshawk（オオタカ）, blue winged teal（コガモ）, mallard（マガモ）, snow goose（ハクガン）, lesser scaup（スズガモ）.
[3] パナマ Panama: wild bird, HPAI H5N1
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 2023 1月5日
On 14 Dec 2022, HPAI H5N1, was detected for the 1st time in Panama.
This report mentioned that, on 14 Dec 2022, a wild bird of the species _Pelecanus occidentalis_ (Brown Pelican，ペリカン), found moribund on the high seas, 34 km [21 mi] off the coast of Panama City and 30 km [18.6 mi] from Taboga Island, was reported.
... the presence of HPAI H5 virus by rRT-PCR
[4] コロンビア Colombia: backyard, wild bird, HPAI H5N1
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 2023 1月5日
In October 2022, HPAI H5N1 (clade: 2.3.4.4b - lineage: reassortment Eurasian and North American), was detected in Colombia.
As of 5 Jan 2023, 37 outbreaks have been reported, in backyard premises and wild birds [details of each outbreak are available at the source URL above] ...
[5] ベネズエラ Venezuela: Peruvian pelican, HPAI H5N1
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 1月5日
On 29 Nov 2022, HPAI H5N1 (Clade: 2.3.4.4b - Lineage: Reassortment Eurasian and North American) was confirmed in dead pelicans in mangroves in Puerto Píritu lagoon, in the area of the "Luis Cabeza Martínez" ecological recreational park, north of Anzoátegui State.
[6] エクアドル Ecuador: poultry, HPAI H5N1
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 1月5日
On 24 Nov 2022, HPAI H5N1, was detected in Ecuador. As of 5 Jan 2023, 2 outbreaks have been reported in poultry [details of each outbreak are available at the source URL above].
...
種/個体数/感染/死亡/廃棄/と畜/ワクチン接種
Birds / 387 317 / 387 317 / 367 506 / 19 811 / 0 / 0
[7] ペルー Peru: backyard, wild bird, HPAI H5N1
[A] 家きん
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 1月5日
As of 5 Jan 2023, 5 outbreaks have been reported in backyard premises (2) and commercial farms (3). These are in the departments of Lambayeque (1), La Libertad (1), and Lima (3); details of each outbreak are available at the source URL above ...
[B] 野鳥
情報源 WOAH-WAHIS 1月5日
On 11 Nov 2022, HPAI H5 was detected in pelicans on Los Cangrejos beach, province of Paita, department of Piura.
[8] チリ Chile: wild bird, HPAI H5N1
[A] Coquimbo Region
情報源 Agricultural and Livestock Service, Chile Ministry of Agriculture [in Spanish] 2022年12月29日
After analysis by its dedicated laboratory, the Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG) reports the confirmed presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza serotype H5N1 today [29 Dec 2022] in 2 pelicans（ペリカン）from the Coquimbo region; thus, confirming that the virus continues to move to the south of the country in wild birds.
[B] Valparaiso Region
情報源 Agricultural and Livestock Service, Chile Ministry of Agriculture [in Spanish] 2022年12月31日
... the confirmed presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza serotype H5N1 today [31 Dec 2022] in a pelican（ペリカン）on the coast of Tunquen from the Valparaiso region;
● 小反芻獣疫 インド ヤギ
PRO/AH/EDR> Peste des petits ruminants - India: (JH) goat, susp, RFI
Archive Number: 20230106.8707664
情報源 The Times of India 2023年1月5日
certain pockets of Chatra におけるヤギの突然死の報告への不安に対し，地区畜産当局 the district administration husbandry department が 4日，a PPR (peste des petits ruminants，小反芻獣疫) disease alert in the region を発出し，ウシに対してワクチンを接種するようを呼びかけている。1週間におよそ 150 goats at Shankarpur village, under Tandwa panchayat in Pratapapur block が突然死亡したと報告されている。