ProMED-mail 情報: 2024年3月3日

COVID-19　XBB.1.5 vaccine

食中毒　中国

●　麻疹　カナダ、キルギスタン

カナダ

PRO/EDR> Measles - Canada (05): (QC)

Archive Number: 20240303.8715157

　情報源 Yahoo! News 2024年3月1日

Public health reports cases of measles in Laval and Montreal, urges people to get vaccinated

ケベック州内での麻疹 Measles 感染伝播 spreading through community transmission in Quebec が疑われると、公衆衛生当局者 the province's public health director が注意を促した。現在、4 confirmed cases in Quebec が確認されており、数時間以内にさらに4例の確認が行われる可能性があると述べた。Laval Public Health から最新の症例が報告された。この患者はワクチンを接種しておらず、渡航歴や他の麻疹感染例との接触歴はなかったと29日に明らかにされた...

There have also been cases of measles reported in other parts of Canada, notably in York Region, Ontario, where the person affected hadn't travelled recently or been in contact with another case of measles.

キルギスタン

PRO/EDR> Measles - Kyrgyzstan

Archive Number: 20240303.8715155

　情報源 Times of Central Asia 2024年3月1日

Kyrgyzstan measles outbreak registers 4000 cases

ビシュケク Bishkek は現在麻疹アウトブレイク a measles outbreak への対応に追われており，the Chui and Jalal-Abad regions でも患者が報告されている。85% of all those affected が10歳未満の小児である。

ワクチンの品質に疑念を抱く市民らが定期麻疹・風疹ワクチン接種を拒否している

●　PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (13): selected countries, XBB.1.5 vaccine effectiveness, WHO

Archive Number: 20240303.8715160

[1] Selected countries/regions

　[A] シンガポール Singapore eases more mas rules as COVID-19 now treated as endemic：The Star 2024年3月1日

シンガポールでは医療機関のマスク着用ルールが緩和される。3月1日以降、 "lower-risk settings"とされる外来部門において、マスク着用は義務ではなくなると、 the Ministry of Health said in a statement で述べられている。

In higher-risk areas such as inpatient wards and emergency departments（入院病棟と救急外来）, masks will become a standing requirement for some groups to improve general infection control, it said.

　[B] COVID-19 outbreaks in Australian residential aged care homes

　情報源 Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care 2024年3月1日

National snapshot

As at 8:00 am 29 Feb 2024 there are 1719 active COVID-19 cases in 253 active outbreaks in residential aged care homes (RACHs) across Australia. There have been 108 new outbreaks, 14 new resident deaths and 1453 combined new resident and staff cases reported since 22 Feb 2024.

Mortality

Vaccination in RACHs

As at 28 Feb 2024:

　- 70.8% of aged care residents have received a booster dose since 1 Jan 2023.

　- 70.4k (38.2%) aged care residents received a booster dose in the last 6 months.

　- 3214 aged care residents received a vaccine dose in the last week.

　[C] CDC adjusts COVID-19 isolation guidance

　情報源 Centers for Disease Prevention and Control（CDC）2024年3月1日

CDC released today [1 Mar 2024] updated recommendations for how people can protect themselves and their communities from respiratory viruses, including COVID-19. The new guidance brings a unified approach to addressing risks from a range of common respiratory viral illnesses, such as COVID-19, flu, and RSV, which can cause significant health impacts and strain on hospitals and health care workers. CDC is making updates to the recommendations now because the U.S. is seeing far fewer hospitalizations and deaths associated with COVID-19 and because we have more tools than ever to combat flu, COVID, and RSV....

As part of the guidance, CDC provides active recommendations on core prevention steps and strategies:

　[1] Staying up to date with vaccination to protect people against serious illness, hospitalization, and death. This includes flu, COVID-19, and RSV if eligible.

　[2] Practicing good hygiene by covering coughs and sneezes, washing or sanitizing hands often, and cleaning frequently touched surfaces.

　[3] Taking steps for cleaner air, such as bringing in more fresh outside air, purifying indoor air, or gathering outdoors.

　[4] When people get sick with a respiratory virus, the updated guidance recommends that they stay home and away from others. For people with COVID-19 and influenza, treatment is available and can lessen symptoms and lower the risk of severe illness. The recommendations suggest returning to normal activities when, for at least 24 hours, symptoms are improving overall, and if a fever was present, it has been gone without use of a fever-reducing medication　...

[2] Monovalent XBB.1.5 vaccine shows 51% protection against COVID hospitalization

　情報源 CIDRAP (Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy) 2024年3月1日

XBB.1.5 に対する1価ワクチンの有効性評価 A new interim estimate of vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the monovalent (single-strain) XBB.1.5 COVID-19 vaccine で、接種により51% effective in preventing emergency department and urgent care visits among adults without compromised immune systems が示された。

The study was published today [29 Feb 2024] in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. [Read the full article]...

Some waning protection

XBB.1.5 vaccine safe in older adults

[3] WHO, CDC updates

　情報源 World Health Organization（WHO) 2024年2月16日

Key highlights

　- SARS-CoV-2 PCR percent positivity, as detected in integrated sentinel surveillance as part of the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and reported to FluNet was around 10% as of 4 Feb 2024.

　- Globally, JN.1 is the most reported VOI (now reported by 99 countries), accounting for 88.2% of sequences in week 5 of 2024 compared to 77.1% in week 2 of 2024 (Figure 10, Table 6 [Figures and Tables available at source URL]). Its parent lineage, BA.2.86, is declining and accounted for 3.7% of sequences in week 5 of 2024 compared to 5.4% in week 2 of 2024. The updated risk evaluation for JN.1 was published on 9 Jan 2024, with an overall evaluation of low public health risk at the global level based on available evidence. WHO is currently tracking several SARS-CoV-2 variants: five VOIs -- XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, EG.5 BA.2.86 and JN.1; and 3 VUMs -- XBB, XBB.1.9.1, and XBB.2.3.

　- Globally, during the 28-day period from 8 Jan to 4 Feb 2024, 75 countries reported COVID-19 cases and 43 countries reported COVID-19 deaths. Note that this does not reflect the actual number of countries where cases or deaths occur, as many countries have stopped or changed the frequency of reporting.

　- From the available data, the number of reported cases and deaths have decreased during the 28-day period, with over 503 000 new cases and 10 000 new deaths, a decrease of 58% and 31%, respectively, compared to the previous 28 days (11 Dec 2023 to 7 Jan 2024). Trends in the number of reported new cases and deaths should be interpreted with caution due to decreased testing and sequencing, alongside reporting delays in many countries. According to estimates obtained from wastewater surveillance, clinical detection of cases underestimates the real burden from 2 to 19-fold.

Global overview (Data as of 4 Feb 2024)

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